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Tomb of "Cyaxares the Great" Kurdish Emperer of Media

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The Medes were an ancient Kurdish people who lived in the northwestern portions of present-day Iran, roughly the areas of present day Kurdistan, Hamedan, Tehran, Lorestan, Azerbaijan, Esfahan and Zanjan. This area was known in Greek as Media or Medea Persian M
āda adjective Median, antiquated also Medean). Under Assyrian rule, the Medes were known as Mādāyu.By the 6th century BC, after having together with the Chaldeans defeated the Neo-Assyrian Empire, the Medes were able to establish their own empire that stretched from southern shore of the Black Se
a and Aran province (the modern-day Republic of Azerbaijan) to north and Central Asia, Afghanistan, and Pakistan, and which included many tributary states, including the Persians, who eventually supplanted and absorbed the Median empire in the Achaemenid Persian Empire.The Medes are credited with th
e foundation of the first Iranian empire, the largest of its day until Cyrus the Great established a unified Iranian empire of the Medes and Persians, often referred to as the Achaemenid Persian Empire, by defeating his grandfather and overlord, Astyages the king of Media. The Medes, people of the M
ada, (the Greek form Μῆδοι is Ionic for Μᾶδοι), appear in history first in 836 BC. Earliest records show that Assyrian conqueror Shalmaneser III received tribute from the "Amadai" in connection with wars against the tribes of the Zagros. His successors undertook many names in the Assyria
n inscriptions, it appears they had already adopted the religion of Zoroaster.The Medes were called The Kutis or Guti by the neighbours such as Assyrians,Babylonians... They are the modern Kurds. Kurds speak a clean langauge which is the old Median language.Herodotus, lists the names of six Median t
ribes: "Thus Deioces collected the Medes into a nation, and ruled over them alone. He further notes that "the Medes had exactly the .In the second 8th century BC, the Medes gained their independence and were united by a dynasty. Traditionally, the creator of the Median kingdom was one Deioces, who,
according to Herodotus, reigned from 728 to 675 BC and founded the Median capital Ecbatana (modern Hamadan, Iran).According to Herodotus, the conquests of Cyaxares the Medes were preceded by a Scythian invasion and domination lasting twenty-eight years (under Madius the Scythian, 653-625 BC). The Me
des tribes seem to have come into immediate conflict with a settled state to the West known as Mannae, allied with Assyria. Assyrian inscriptions state that the early Medes rulers, who had attempted rebellions against the Assyrians in the time of Esarhaddon and Ashur-bani-pal, were allied with chief
tains of the Ashguza (Scythians) and other tribes - who had come from the northern shore of the Black Sea and invaded Asia Minor. The state of Mannae was finally conquered and assimilated by the Medes in the year 616 BC.In 612 BC, Cyaxares conquered Urartu, and in alliance with Nabopolassar (who cre
ated the Neo-Babylonian Empire), succeeded in destroying the Assyrian capital, Nineveh, and by 606 BC, the remaining vestiges of Assyrian control. From this point, the Medes king ruled over much of northern Mesopotamia, eastern Anatolia and Cappadocia. His power was a threat to his neighbors, and th
e exiled Jews expected the destruction of Babylonia by the Medes (Isaiah 13, 14m 21; Jerem.When Cyaxares attacked Lydia in the Battle of Halys, the kings of Cilicia and Babylon intervened and negotiated a peace in 585 BC, whereby the Halys river was established as the Medes' frontier with Lydia. Neb
uchadrezzar of Babylon married a daughter of Cyaxares, and an equilibrium of the great powers was maintained until the rise of the Persians under Cyrus the Great. Kings of the Medes, 728-550 BC the Indo-European Median tribes settled in the Zagros mountain region and coalesced with the Gutiums, and
thus the modern Kurds speak an Aryan language (Morris). The Kurds are mentioned in the Anabasis by Xenophon, a Greek mercenary, as he retreated from Persia with ten thousand men in 401 BC, he says of the Kurds, "These people, lived in the mountains and were very war-like and not subject to the Pers
ian king. Indeed once a royal army of 120,000 had once invaded their country, and not a man of them came back..(Morris)." (Jensen 1996) Ancient Kurdistan as Kard-uchi, during Alexander the Great's Empire, 4th century BCThe tract to this day known as Kurdistan, the high mountain region south and sout
h-east of Lake Van between Persia and Mesopotamia, was in the possession of Kurds from before the time of Xenophon, and was known as the country of the Carduchi , as Cardyene or Cordyene. Urmia, and northern Kurdish areas in the Middle East. Kurdish Kingdoms like Corduene were vassal states of the R
oman Empire.Kirkuk Lake Van Mesopotamia, was in the possession of Kurds from before the time of Xenophon, and was known as the country of the Carduchi (Greek as Cardyeneor Cordyene.Diyarbakır

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